The role of lithium battery separator and the performance of lithium ion battery separator

The role of lithium battery separator and the performance of lithium ion battery separator

Lithium battery separator is one of the key inner layer components of lithium battery. The performance of the lithium battery separator determines the interface structure and internal resistance of the battery, which directly affects the capacity, cycle and safety performance of the battery. The separator with excellent performance plays an important role in improving the overall performance of the battery.

Properties of Li-ion Battery Separator

The separator is located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and its main function is to separate the positive and negative active materials to prevent the two electrodes from short-circuiting due to contact; in addition, during the electrochemical reaction, it can maintain the necessary electrolyte and form a channel for ion movement. The diaphragm material is non-conductive, and the diaphragm used is different for different types of batteries. For lithium-ion batteries, since the electrolyte is an organic solvent system, the separator is required to have the following properties.

1. In the battery system, its chemical stability is better, and the materials used are resistant to organic solvents.

2. High mechanical strength and long service life.

3. The ionic conductivity of the organic electrolyte is lower than that of the aqueous system. In order to reduce the resistance, the electrode area must be as large as possible, so the diaphragm must be very thin.

4. When the battery system is abnormal, the temperature rises. In order to prevent danger, when the rapid heat generation temperature (120 ~ 140 ° C) begins, the thermoplastic diaphragm melts, the micropores are closed, and it becomes an insulator to prevent the electrolyte from passing through, thereby achieve the purpose of interrupting the current.

5. From the perspective of lithium batteries, it must be fully impregnated with organic electrolyte, and can maintain a high degree of impregnation during repeated charge and discharge.

The separator materials commonly used in batteries are generally microporous membranes made of cellulose or braided fabrics and synthetic resins. Lithium-ion batteries generally use high-strength, thin-film polyolefin-based porous membranes. Commonly used separators include polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) microporous separators, as well as copolymers of propylene and ethylene, polyethylene homopolymers, etc. .

The main performance requirements of lithium-ion battery separators are: thickness uniformity, mechanical properties (including tensile strength and puncture resistance), air permeability, physical and chemical properties (including wettability, chemical stability, thermal stability, safety), etc. Four performance indicators.

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